Seminar: Joy Watts

 Tue may 27th ,  2.30pm, conference room INRA (SDAR building)

Joy Watts (University of Portsmouth, UK)

« Bacterial diversity, nitrogen fixation and lignocellulose composition changes in gastrointestinal tracts of a wood eating catfish”

The armoured catfish, Panaque nigrolineatus, has specialized physiological adaptations to enable high levels of wood to be ingested in its diet. However, it is unclear what nutritional benefit is derived or the nature of any symbiosis that facilitates it.  In the present study, we examined microbial communities associated with the foregut, midgut, hindgut, and auxiliary lobe of P. nigrolineatus using a metagenomic approach utilizing 454 pyrosequencing.  Microbial community diversity altered in the different regions of the GI tract indicating different functional roles of key bacterial populations.  To complement this genetic approach, scanning electron microscopy of the different regions of the gastrointestinal tract was performed to examine the microbial community present.  Lignocellulose degradation within the gastrointestinal tract was supported by scanning electron microscopy observations, indicating structural alterations in the wood.  Furthermore, the wood particles in the hindgut appeared to harbour assemblies suggestive of microbial cells.  Additionally, wood collected from different regions of the GI tract was analyzed using Fourier-Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.  This technique revealed changes to the wood associated with gut transit.  These changes are consistent with the presence of a wood-digesting activity within the GI tract within the P. nigrolineatus gastrointestinal tract.  Furthermore, using fixed GI tract tissue using catalyzed reporter deposition enhanced immunofluorescence revealed the highest densities of nitrogenase-containing cells attached to the woody digesta within the GI tract with fewer cells sparsely colonizing the intestinal mucous layer.  These findings are consistent with a role for the P. nigrolineatus intestinal tract microbial community in providing a source of fixed nitrogen under nitrogen limiting conditions.

PhD Defense: V. Hervé

The defense will be held the 28th May 2014 at 9H00 in Amphitheater 7, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre

Title: Bacterial-fungal interactions in wood decay: from wood physicochemical properties to taxonomic and functional diversity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium-associated bacterial communities

Abstract

Wood decomposition is an important process in forest ecosystems in terms of their carbon and nutrient cycles. In temperate forests, saprotrophic basidiomycetes such as white-rot fungi are the main wood decomposers. While they have been less studied, bacterial communities also colonise decaying wood and coexist with these fungal communities. Although the impact of bacterial-fungal interactions on niche functioning has been highlighted in a wide range of environments, little is known about their role in wood decay. Based on microcosm experiments and using a culture-independent approach, we showed that the presence of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium significantly modified the structure and diversity of the bacterial communities associated with the degradation of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). Using a culture-dependent approach, it was confirmed that in the presence of the fungus the mycosphere effect resulted in increased bacterial abundance and modified the functional diversity of the fungal-associated bacterial communities. Lastly, a polyphasic approach simultaneously analysing wood physicochemical properties and extracellular enzyme activities was developed. This approach revealed that P. chrysosporium associated with a bacterial community isolated from its mycosphere was more efficient in degrading wood compared to the fungus on its own, highlighting for the first time synergistic bacterial-fungal interactions in decaying wood.

 Keywords: wood decomposition, bacterial-fungal interactions, mycosphere effect, bacterial diversity, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Fagus sylvatica, white rot.

 

Résumé

Dans les écosystèmes forestiers, la décomposition du bois est un processus majeur, notamment impliqué dans le cycle du carbone et des nutriments. Les champignons basidiomycètes saprotrophes, incluant les pourritures blanches, sont les principaux agents de cette décomposition dans les forêts tempérées. Bien que peu étudiées, des communautés bactériennes sont également présentes dans le bois en décomposition et cohabitent avec ces communautés fongiques. L’impact des interactions bactéries-champignons sur le fonctionnement d’une niche écologique a été décrit dans de nombreuxenvironnements. Cependant, très peu de choses sont connues sur leur rôle dans le processus de décomposition du bois. A partir d’expériences en microcosme et en utilisantune approche non cultivable, il a été démontré que la présence du champignonPhanerochaete chrysosporiuminfluençait significativement la structureet la diversité des communautés bactériennes associées au processus de décomposition du hêtre (Fagus sylvatica). Par une approche cultivable, cet effet mycosphère aété confirmé, se traduisant par une augmentation de la concentration des communautés bactériennes en présence du champignonainsi que par une modification de la diversité fonctionnelle des communautés bactériennes associées au champignon. Enfin, une approche polyphasique a été développée,combinant l’analyse des propriétés physico-chimiques du bois et des activités enzymatiques extracellulaires. Ces derniers résultatsont révélé que l’association de P. chrysosporium avec une communauté bactérienne issue de la mycosphère de ce dernier aboutissait à une dégradation plus importante du matériau bois par rapport à la dégradation par le champignon seul, indiquant pour la première fois une interaction bactéries-champignon synergique dans le bois en décomposition.

Mots-clefs : décomposition du bois, interactions bactéries-champignons, effet mycosphère, diversité bactérienne, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Fagus sylvatica, pourriture blanche. 

Seminar: Isa Remdt

“Development of cytological markers to visualise nuclei in Ustilago maydis »

The seminar will be given by Isa Remdt who is performing a master internship in the lab with Annegret and Sebastian. It will start at 1.30pm this coming wednesday in the LGEF building meeting room.

Seminar: P. Baldrian

Tuesday 15th of april 2014 – 1.30pm

Petr Baldrian (Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Prague, Rep Tchèque)

“Dynamics of fungal communities and their activity in forest soils driven by seasonality, succession and disturbance »

Conference room INRA-LGEF/ visio University

Seminar: S. Müller

Stefanie Müller, from Freiburg University will give a talk Friday 25th April at 1.30  in the meeting room at 7th level of bat B at the university. The title of the seminar :

 “Mitochondria and Plastids in Moss: From Quantitative

Proteomics to Dynamics”

Seminar: A. Lescure

A. Lescure, Research scientist from IBMC (Strasbourg) will give a talk Wednesday 23th April at 1.30  in the meeting room at 7th level of bat B at the university. The title of the seminar :

“Selenoproteins niche in redox regulation: the example of selenoprotein N”