Author Archives: eric

Seminars of the week

Posted on by

Thursday 14th of June, 12.30 (FST, 3rd floor):Vuong N’Guyen(IAM -redox)

“Functional characterization of detoxification systems of wood decaying fungi: genetic approach”

Friday 15th of June, 12.30 (FST, 3rd floor):Florine Gérard (IAM -redox)

“Contribution à l’étude sur les variants protéiques responsables du clivage phénotypique virulent/avirulent chez la rouille du peuplier “

Friday 15th of June, 1.30 pm (INRA LEGF):Feng Zhang (IAM -ecogenomic)

“Investigation of interaction between Laccaria bicolor and populus.“

Brunch champignons

Posted on by

https://videos.univ-lorraine.fr/index.php?act=view&id=6062

Le Brunch “Champignons forestiers, opportunités et risques pour l’homme, l’arbre et le bois” a été construit en collaboration avec le Centre Inra Grand Est-Nancy. La table ronde a permis de mettre en lumière les ressources insoupçonnées des champignons dont on ne perçoit que le chapeau à l’image de leur biologie souterraine ! Les champignons jouent un rôle capital en forêt puisqu’ils nouent des interactions et interdépendances intimes et durables avec la flore de l’écosystème forestier. Aujourd’hui, l’enjeu est de consolider nos connaissances sur la multitude d’espèces de champignons, de faire reconnaître leur valeur environnementale et leurs propriétés afin de mieux les exploiter. Ce Brunch passionnant a été l’occasion pour le public de débattre des aspects parfois inattendus des champignons et d’imaginer le champ des possibles. Animé par Francis MARTIN, directeur du Laboratoire d’excellence ARBRE porté par l’Inra, ce rendez-vous gourmand a été l’occasion pour les étudiants, institutionnels, professionnels, enseignants-chercheurs et usagers présents de débattre des aspects méconnus des champignons qui peuvent se révéler utiles pour les acteurs économiques et les citoyens.

Capture d’écran 2018-06-05 à 16.19.50

Capture d’écran 2018-06-05 à 16.15.46

Seminar: Z. Chen

Posted on by

Mercredi 6 juin, 9h30 INRA (salle de conférence INRA): Zhixiao Chen (IAM ecogeno)

“Persistance de Tuber magnatumdans le sol après plantation d’arbres mycorhizés”

Article: Scientific reports

Posted on by

Molecular recognition of wood polyphenols by phase II detoxification enzymes of the white rot Trametes versicolor M Schwartz, T Perrot, E Aubert, S Dumarçay, F Favier, P Gérardin, …Scientific Reports 8 (1), 8472

Abstract

Wood decay fungi have complex detoxification systems that enable them to cope with secondary metabolites produced by plants. Although the number of genes encoding for glutathione transferases is especially expanded in lignolytic fungi, little is known about their target molecules. In this study, by combining biochemical, enzymatic and structural approaches, interactions between polyphenols and six glutathione transferases from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor have been demonstrated. Two isoforms, named TvGSTO3S and TvGSTO6S have been deeply studied at the structural level. Each isoform shows two distinct ligand-binding sites, a narrow L-site at the dimer interface and a peculiar deep hydrophobic H-site. In TvGSTO3S, the latter appears optimized for aromatic ligand binding such as hydroxybenzophenones. Affinity crystallography revealed that this H-site retains the flavonoid dihydrowogonin from a partially purified wild-cherry extract. Besides, TvGSTO6S binds two molecules of the flavonoid naringenin in the L-site. These data suggest that TvGSTO isoforms could interact with plant polyphenols released during wood degradation.

Article: The New Phytologist

Posted on by

Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and their genomes: another side to the mycorrhizal symbiosis? S Perotto, S Daghino, E Martino. The New phytologist.

Summary

The genome of an organism bears the signature of its lifestyle, and organisms with similar life strategies are expected to share common genomic traits. Indeed, ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi share some genomic traits, such as the expansion of gene families encoding taxon‐specific small secreted proteins, which are candidate effectors in the symbiosis, and a very small repertoire of plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes. A large gene family coding for candidate effectors was also revealed in ascomycetous ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, but these fungal genomes are characterised by a very high number of genes encoding degradative enzymes, mainly acting on plant cell wall components. We suggest that the genomic signature of ERM fungi mirrors a versatile life strategy, which allows them to occupy several ecological niches.

Seminar: A. Henocq

Posted on by

1er juin 2018 – 13h30 INRA (LEGF) Alexandra Henocq (IAM ecogenomic)

”Characterisation of the nutritional signals regulating the establishment and maintenance of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (ECM) in Poplar”

Article: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Posted on by

Assessment of Passive Traps Combined with High-Throughput Sequencing To Study Airborne Fungal Communities J Aguayo, C Fourrier-Jeandel, C Husson, R Ioos. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84 (11), e02637-17

ABSTRACT

Techniques based on high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of environmental DNA have provided a new way of studying fungal diversity. However, these techniques suffer from a number of methodological biases which may appear at any of the steps involved in a metabarcoding study. Air is one of the most important environments where fungi can be found, because it is the primary medium of dispersal for many species. Looking ahead to future developments, it was decided to test 20 protocols, including different passive spore traps, spore recovery procedures, DNA extraction kits, and barcode loci. HTS was performed with the Illumina MiSeq platform targeting two subloci of the fungal internal transcribed spacer. Multivariate analysis and generalized linear models showed that the type of passive spore trap, the spore recovery procedure, and the barcode all impact the description of fungal communities in terms of richness and diversity when assessed by HTS metabarcoding. In contrast, DNA extraction kits did not significantly impact these results. Although passive traps may be used to describe airborne fungal communities, a study using specific real-time PCR and a mock community showed that these kinds of traps are affected by environmental conditions that may induce losses of biological material, impacting diversity and community composition results.

IMPORTANCE The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods, such as those offered by next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, has opened a new era in the study of fungal diversity in different environmental substrates. In this study, we show that an assessment of the diversity of airborne fungal communities can reliably be achieved by the use of simple and robust passive spore traps. However, a comparison of sample processing protocols showed that several methodological biases may impact the results of fungal diversity when assessed by metabarcoding. Our data suggest that identifying these biases is of paramount importance to enable a correct identification and relative quantification of community members.

Functional Ecology Conference

Posted on by

Postponed Event : 

“Functional Ecology Conference” to be held in Nancy 10-13 December 2018

The International Conference on Functional Ecology will be held in December 2018 in Nancy. The call for abstracts is open until 15 september. Researchers, engineers and PhD students are invited to register!

Highlight innovative actions, future research and applications! This is the objective of the International Conference on Functional Ecology 2018. This event will bring together scientists specialized in the functional ecology of organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems.

FEC2018 aims to take stock of research in functional ecology, focusing on material and energy flows and mobilizing long-term observation, experimentation and modelling. Global changes, threats to biodiversity, and remediation of degraded ecosystems will be addressed in the case of forest, natural, cultivated and urban ecosystems. It is also a space for interaction between experienced researchers, young researchers, engineers,… and research facility.

The program has just been announced: submit your abstract!

The event is composed of five daily sessions and a workshop on AnaEE France infrastructures. Registrations are open and you can now submit an abstract. All levels of research and ecosystem types (crops, grasslands, shrubs, forests, marines, lakes, rivers, urban and mining ecosystems) will be considered. Several sessions will be devoted to the functioning of forest ecosystems, which will be the main theme this year. Sessions will be delivered in English.

Discover the program!

Submit an abstract online

Local and national partnership

The 2018 session is organised by INRA Grand Est-Nancy and the AgroParisTech-Nancy centre with the support of AnaEE France, AnaEE Europe and the Nancy-Freiburg-Zürich international network (NFZ. forestnet). The University of Lorraine and the CNRS are also partners. This conference is a continuation of the “functional ecology days” held in recent years.

Keywords: Functional ecology, conference, ecosystem, animal, plant

CONTACT

Contact the organizers by email: functionnal-ecology-contact@inra.fr

WEBSITE: https://journees.inra.fr/functionalecologyconference/